1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等连接代词和where、when、how、why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。
例如:
主语:
How the book will sell depends on its author.
书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:
In one's own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:
The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语:
My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.
我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:
She will name him whatever she wants to.
她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语:
I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:
I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语:
That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。
例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.
他们何时结婚依然不明。