1. 英语语法
  2. 定语从句
  3. as和which引导非限定性定语从句

1)由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。

例句:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

例题:

1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it;B. that;C. which;D. he;

答案:C。

解析:此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2. The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what;B. which;C. that;D. it;

答案:B。

解析:which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3. It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that;B. which;C. as;D. it;

答案:B。

解析:as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。

2)As 的用法

例1:

the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2:

as可引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。