甘肃专升本名牌辅导班公共课英语内部讲义（英语语法）

英语中的动词时态

★一般现在时

1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

/

Light travels faster than sound.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Years bring wisdom.

岁月带来智慧.

Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。

Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧.

Haste makes waste.

欲速则不达.

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时

例：Patience wears out stones. 锲而不舍 金石可镂.

My grandpa said that patience wears stones.

对比: The donkey is hungry.

→Peter said that the donkey was hungry.

★一般过去时

<谚>The greatest artist was once a beginner. 最伟大的艺术家也曾是个初学者.

1) 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

疑问句:Where did you go last night?

Did you have a good sleep?

2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

3)句型：

◆It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……时间了"　 "该……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"　 "早该……了"

例:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了 / It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

▲would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'宁愿某人做某事'

I'd rather you did not come tomorrow.

[可作补充]wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

注意：

用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

◆特殊用法(过去和现在):

used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。

例:I used to catch crabs. / You used to be handsome.

be used to + doing：

对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。

例:He is used to taking a walk after dinner.

他习惯于晚饭后散个步.(现在)

◇感悟: 对过去最好的态度:

Don’t cry because it is over. Smile because it happened.

不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，为你的曾经拥有。

When you grow old, you will regret not doing what you like instead of regret what you having done.

当你老了的时候,不会因为做过什么而后悔,而会因为没做什么而后悔.

★一般将来时

不同表达方式:

1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。

Will you still love me tomorrow?

If you shut your door to all errors, truth will be shut out.

如果你把所有错误都关在门外,真理也被拒之门外了. (泰戈尔)

2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

/ The best is yet to come.来日会更好.

4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

区别:

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。

be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　　 (客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

Will多表意愿和决心(十道羊皮卷):

I will greet this day with love in my heart.

I will persist until I succeed.

I am nature’s greatest miracle.

I will live this day as if it is my last.

I will be the master of my emotions.

I will laugh at the world.

I will act now!

★现在进行时

结构: be+V-ing(现在分词)

现在进行时的基本用法：

a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

I am waiting for you.

歌曲:I am sailing.

b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

GJM is writing another novel.

c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

The leaves are turning brown.

/

It's getting colder and colder.

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩,多含抱怨。

You are always changing your mind.

She is forever complaining.

考点:

用现在进行时表将来

意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow.

I am coming to see you.(NCE-2.2)

Are you staying here till next month?

典型例题

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find

B. is missing, don't find

C. has lost, haven't found　 D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

★过去进行时

给人直观鲜活的印象,可多用于描写过去:

结构: was/were+V-ing(现在分词) (单一单三用was, 其余用were)

◇心灵鸡汤: When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.

◇歌曲《I went to your wedding》 Your mother was crying, your father was crying, and I was crying too. The teardrops were falling because we were losing you.

★将来进行时

1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。

She'll be coming soon.

I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.

注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.

2)常用的时间状语

Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening.

例: By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.

★现在完成时

<名言>Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live.

生活教会了我思考,但思考却没教会我生活.

现在完成时用来表示动作或状态发生在过去, 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。

构成：肯:主语+have (has) +过去分词(done)

/

疑:Have/Has+主语+done

I have been there.

Have you ever been to ____ ?

考点:

1)

This / It is the first / second time…. that… 结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

This is the first time that I have visited this city.

It was the eighth time that the man had failed.

2)This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。

真题演练:

---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come　 B. even, have come　C. ever, come

D. ever, have come

◇现在完成时VS. 一般过去时

1)

过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;

现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I lost my cell phone yesterday.

/

Oh no! I have lost my cell phone!

2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

*一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now(具体明确的过去时间状语)

*现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

(不确定﹑模糊的时间状语)

◇Since的四种用法:

1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点) I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段时间+ ago

I have been here since two years ago.两年前我就来到了这里.