被动语态

主语是动作的发出者,用主动语态; 主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态.

被动语态的构成: be+done (过去分词)+(by 动作的发出者)

be 的变化形式很多,很多时态都有各自的被动语态.

This book is written by GJM.

That book was written by Luxun.

English is spoken in many countries.

◇主动形式表示被动意义:

1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…

The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.

这刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build

I was to blame for the accident.

Much work remains.

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。

This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

◇不用被动语态的情况:

1)系动词无被动语态：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

/例: It sounds good.

□被动语态的谚语:

Give love and love will be given. 播撒爱,也会收获爱.

Everything that is done in the world is done by love.

世上做成的每件事都是希望的功劳.

Man is not made to defeat. Man can be destroyed but not defeated.

人不是为失败而生的. 人可以被毁灭,但是不可以被打败. (海明威<老人与海>)

◇need/want/require/worth

注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

The book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

典型例题

The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.

A. cleaning

B. be cleaned

C. clean

D. being cleaned

答案A. need (实意V.) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。

强调句型

常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子:

It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is love that makes the world go around. 爱是推动世界的力量.

It is often in our suffering that we grow the most. 在痛苦中我们成长最多.

It is virtue and not birth that makes us noble. 品德使我们高贵,而不是出身.

典型例题

1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.

A.　the time　B.　when　 C.　that　　D.　which

答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +被强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。　强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。

原句：　My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.

(注意不用when)

强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

A. that　B. when　 C. since　 D. as

答案C. 考点是连词用法。

本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是强调句，去掉It　 be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

It is /was +时间+ since…　其中is<---> has been　 was <---> had been.

◇经典强调句

College will be the most important years in your life.

It is in college that you will truly discover what learning is about.

大学将是你人生最重要的时光，在大学里你会发现学习的真谛。

——李开复《给女儿的一封信》